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In Albania, the lack of contracts, low wages and political dynamics, at local and central level, continue to be associated with increasing levels of job insecurity, encouraging emigration, mainly of young people.
Job insecurity continues to be a serious concern for Albanian society. The almost diurnal pace of local and political elections, the lack of regular employment contracts, the procrastination of administrative litigation between employers and employees, low wages or the low level of union protection have all contributed to the degree of job insecurity, shrink labor force and encourage emigration, mainly of young people. Pedagogue Elvisa Drishti, author of the study on job insecurity, says that this is one of the causes of dissatisfaction that appears in Albanian society.
“Albanians by nature are not dissatisfied internally. You are no different from the rest of the world for that fact. We are dissatisfied because we are insecure at work and this insecurity is mainly related to institutions. It is not just related to the standard of living, which is thought to be one of the causes. “The moment you check for this effect, then other negative effects emerge, which come from job insecurity.”
Shkodra region is one of the areas with the highest unemployment rate in Albania. During the regional conference on the labor market, the regional director of employment, Rozafa Zmijani, said that 2388 entities operate in this region, but most of them have 1-5 employees, which also affects the number low of employees.
“The region has 5470 unemployed jobseekers. In our system we have about 8 thousand people registered, because the rest are either students, who are registered in our offices, but do not get the status of unemployed jobseeker, because they can not work 8 hours because they do not allow studies, or can to be also school students, as every person who is over 15 years old is registered in the employment offices ”.
According to the regional director of employment, there are vacancies in the region, but the low level of wages and working conditions affect the insecurity of workers.
“Most of the supply continues to be in the tailoring sector, which is a sector where wages are low and the level required is low.”
Uncertainty at work is higher in the private sector, because to a large extent the employment of employees and employees of the administration is done without an employment contract. But even the state administration, according to professor Drishti, feels insecure about the job due to the political rotation created by the elections.
This situation has increased the level of emigration from Albania. According to INSTAT data, from 2016 to the end of 2020 alone, 139 thousand people left the country for emigration, most of them young people. Unjust dismissals of employees from the state administration and the trials won by them, have caused, in recent years, the state budget an economic damage estimated at about 130 million euros, a figure that is quite high for the poor budget of the Albanian state.
“There is an expectation that, if I am working in the country, I will not be in danger, but in the moments when the political business cycle comes into play, then every 4 years, or whenever there are elections, the part of job insecurity begins due to of political preferences, which are again introduced in the institutions ”.
According to the data of the Department of Public Administration, only during 2019 there was an increase of dismissals by 57.7%. Most of them, according to the DoPA report, are motivated by “restructuring of the workplace”, an indicator that proves that even in the state administration the level of insecurity for the workplace is high and this is reflected in the very functioning of this administrate.
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