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The United States has begun issuing COVID-19 vaccines for children up to six months after receiving approval from the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Vaccination of children has always been a very broad topic of discussion, starting from the safety they have after receiving the doses.
How many doses are needed?
The Moderna vaccine is a two-dose regimen for children 6 months to 6 years of age, which is given for 28 days.
The Pfizer / BioNTech vaccine is divided into three doses for children from 6 months to 5 years. The first two doses are given at an interval of 21 days and the third is administered at least two months after the second.
Both companies had sought out lower dose versions for younger children in an effort to reduce side effects.
How effective are vaccines?
According to Reuters, the Moderna vaccine was estimated to be 50.6% effective in preventing infections in children 6 months to 2 years old and 36.8% effective for children aged 2 to 6 years old.
It is not yet known how effective the Pfizer / BioNTech vaccine is at preventing infection in people under 5 years of age due to the low number of symptomatic COVID-19 cases in children testing it.
Are vaccines safe for children?
None of the vaccines has raised any serious safety issues in the trials.
Cardiac inflammation known as myocarditis and pericarditis are one of the side effects in young people, but there have been few reported cases in the United States in children aged 5 to 11 years.
What are the side effects?
Some children reported pain and swelling at the injection site after vaccination with both vaccines.
The low-dose Pfizer vaccine was generally better tolerated, with only slightly more participants receiving the vaccine and complaining of fever, irritability, or fatigue compared with those taking a placebo (drug that causes side effects).
In ages 2 to 4 years, 33.7% who received the second dose of the vaccine reported one of these side effects, compared with 32.2% who received placebo.
For the Moderna vaccine, 58.9% of children 3 to 5 years of age reported some type of reaction such as fever, headache, or fatigue after taking the second dose, compared with 37.2% of participants taking placebo (the drug that causes the effects).
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