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Mikhail Gorbachev, or Gorby, as the Germans call him, celebrates his 90th birthday, while in Germany he is widely praised for his role in uniting the country, which is why in Russia he remains a controversial figure.
In Desau, Saxony-Anhalt, a monument was erected to him, which was inaugurated on October 3, 2020, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of reunification. Mikhail Gorbachev was the first head of state to visit Germany since reunification. The Good Neighborhood, Partnership and Cooperation Agreement was signed in Bom in November 1990, the first international agreement in reunited Germany.
On his birthday, Vladimir Putin reacted coldly with a single phrase: He deserves respect. In 2016, Gorbachev harshly criticized Putin and then-Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev for their way of governing, saying he was ashamed of them. The picture remains the same today: Valuable in the West, unpopular in the homeland: the political legacy of the last head of the Soviet state, Mikhail Gorbachev, has been repeatedly criticized in Russia. The unification of Germany, fixed on September 12, 1990, in the so-called two-plus-four agreement, plays a central role in this.
The “Two-plus-Four” agreement was signed in Moscow by the foreign ministers of the FRY and the GDR, as well as the four victorious powers of World War II – the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and France. The seven-page document “on the final regulation regarding Germany” ended the division of Germany after more than 40 years. With the election of USSR president on March 14, 1990, Gorbachev adhered to the course of reforms for liberalization, thus paving the way for changes in the USSR as well as changes throughout the Eastern bloc. He resigned as president of the Soviet Union in 1991 and after a turnaround in 1992 he founded his Gorbachev Foundation.
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