[ad_1]
An increase in Islamophobia on the Internet was registered in 2020 after the imposition of quarantines against the spread of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) throughout Europe, showed a report on Islamophobia, reports Anadolu Agency (AA).
The European Report on Islamophobia 2020 was prepared by Enes Bayrakli, a professor of international relations at the Istanbul-based Turkish-German University, and Farid Hafez, a political scientist at the Georgetown University Bridge Initiative.
The report included contributions from 37 academics, experts and civil society activists covering 31 European countries.
According to the report, the COVID-19 pandemic, which hit Europe hard in 2020, had different effects on Islamophobia.
“In some countries, with the forced relocation of daily life to a private intimate sphere, physical Islamophobia has decreased. “However, at the same time, Islamophobia has spread to the private sphere and is spreading especially on social media.”
“The vast majority of European countries do not register Islamophobic incidents as a separate category of hate crime. “The registration of anti-Muslim / Islamophobic crimes by the police as a separate category of hate crime is essential to discover the real extent of this problem and to develop counter-strategies to combat it,” the report said.
The report also says that in the EU, only 12 percent of Muslims who are discriminated against report their cases to the authorities.
The report also divides the statistics for previous years as well as for 2020. Respectively, the situation in European countries is as follows:
– Austria and the Czech Republic
A total of 812 hate crimes against Muslims were documented in Austria in 2020. This figure is more than double the 2019 number, when there were 385 cases.
Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the number of online hate crimes has increased. In comparison, 3,215 cases were documented in 2020, while there were 1,822 digital hate messages in 2019. Of these cases, 144 had anti-Muslim content.
A total of seven incidents related to anti-Muslim prejudice have been recorded by a human rights organization in the Czech Republic.
– Germany
A total of 901 Islamophobic crimes were registered by the Federal Criminal Police Office in Germany in 2020.
There have been 18 anti-Islamic demonstrations in the country, 16 of which were organized by the racist PEGIDA movement in the same year.
In 2019, a total of 31,472 politically motivated extremist crimes were registered in the country. Compared to the previous year, these crimes have increased by 13.8 percent. In total, 21,290 of these crimes were committed by right-wing extremists. Violent extremist crimes decreased by 13.7 percent to 925 in 2019.
Of the 8,585 hate crimes in Germany, 2,032 were registered as anti-Semitic crimes and 950 as Islamophobic crimes.
In 2019, 3,703 crimes were detected in the category of crimes “against foreigners”. Of these, 506 were violent acts.
– France
In 2020, 235 Islamophobic cases were registered in France. That number was 154 in 2019. There has been a 14 percent increase in anti-Islamic actions and a 79 percent increase in threats.
According to the latest study by the National Consultative Commission on Human Rights, racially motivated crimes increased by 11 percent in 2019. There was a 54 percent increase in Islamophobic acts.
In the research of the organization called “Collective against Islamophobia in France”, it is said that Islamophobia has increased in the country in 2019 and in this context 800 actions have been registered. Islamophobic actions have increased by 77 percent within two years by 2020.
It was reported that the organization could not publish data for 2020 after it was targeted and shut down by the government.
– Belgium and the Netherlands
According to statistics published in 2020 in Belgium, 90.6 percent of registered Islamophobic cases involving individuals were committed against women in the previous year. This figure represents an increase compared to 2018, when 75 percent of all victims were women.
26.3 percent of Islamophobic cases involved employment. 48 percent of Islamophobic cases were reported in the capital Brussels, 23 percent in Wallonia and 4 percent in Flanders.
According to reports in the Netherlands, people of migrant background, mainly Turks and Moroccans, and Muslims, face relatively high discrimination.
These people are said to feel very stigmatized, discriminated against and excluded, to the extent that they withdraw from society, lose faith in institutions or simply give up when it comes to education or finding a job.
– Scandinavia
Statistics show that Muslim women experience discrimination in their participation in the labor force in Denmark. The findings show that Muslim women wearing the hijab have to make 60 percent more job applications than white Danish women.
Also, ethnic minority women have to make 18 percent more job applications than white Danish women.
Hate crimes in Finland have decreased by 1.2 percent, in 899 cases, in 2019.
A year ago, that number was 910 cases. On the other hand, the number of cases of ethnic-based harassment has increased to 105 from 34. As in previous years, most of the victims in these incidents were Muslims.
72 per cent of hate crimes recorded in Finland were related to the ethnicity of the victims and 14 per cent to their religious background. Somalis, Iraqis and Turks have suffered the most from these attacks, respectively.
– Spain
In 2019, hate crimes increased by 6.8 percent compared to a year earlier in Spain.
A total of 1,706 complaints were made about hate crimes. Of these, 66 were related to religion and 515 to racism and xenophobia. There are no specific statistics on anti-Muslim prejudices.
– Britain and Ireland
In the wake of the first UK quarantine, hate crimes on religious grounds have increased by more than a third compared to the same period in 2019.
Muslims and their families are four times more likely to experience hate crime than Christians.
According to Hope Not Hate, over half of members of the ruling Conservative Party think of Islam in negative or very negative terms, and almost half see Islam as a threat to British society.
In 2019, Muslims experienced 14 per cent of reported crime cases, 14 per cent of discrimination cases and were also targeted with hate speech in 45 reported cases in Ireland.
– Lithuania and Poland
In 2020, a total of 47 criminal offenses against equal rights and freedom of conscience were registered in Lithuania.
In Poland, in the same year, 557 hate crime proceedings were opened by the police. In 14 of the incidents, Muslims were targeted. In 44 cases, the target ethnicity may have been linked to Islam, both Arabs and Turks.
top channel
[ad_2]
Source link